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Load/Path

The week in engineering, cut to what you need before the kettle boils.

Issue
07
Week
2–6 Nov 2026
Stories
10
Read time
≈ 8 min
Sheet
1 of 1

60-second readIf you stop here, you're still up to speed

  1. Google's London data centre lost power on 20 October because its backup generators never got a start command. Google says a voltage-sensing design flaw and a misconfigured controller were to blame.
  2. Five blocks at Caxton Works in Canning Town, east London, are now evacuated over worries about concrete transfer slabs. Newham Council served dangerous structure notices on 29 October.
  3. Honda says the cooling circuit on Aston Martin's hybrid system was under more stress than expected at Mexico City's high altitude. Both cars retired after five laps.
  4. Cornell engineers made working transistors from a semiconductor with a bandgap above 7 eV, a record. The devices are early-stage.
  5. A Johns Hopkins team showed, in animals, that a bandage-sized ultrasound implant can watch blood flow at a spinal cord injury. It has not been tested in people.
  6. Four former student rocket builders have a plan for a Moon lander built around a detonation engine. It is a plan, not flight hardware.
Lead storyData centres · Power · UK

Why Google's London backup generators never started

Batteries held the site for five minutes. Then the controller that should have started the generators decided it didn't need to.

On 20 October, a power failure at Google's London cloud site disrupted customers including Lloyds, HSBC, Royal Mail and Revolut, according to The Register. This week Google explained what went wrong. The cause was not a lack of backup. It was the logic that decides when to use it.

The site, a zone called europe-west2-b, normally takes power from two separate utility feeds, A and B. On the day, feed B was switched off. Its breaker (a switch that cuts a circuit) had been opened for repairs after problems showed up in a generator load test on 14 October. Then an underground cable on feed A broke. Both feeds were dead.

The site's uninterruptible power supplies (UPS, banks of batteries) took over. They were designed to carry the load for five minutes, and they did. The diesel generators were supposed to start inside that window. They never did.

Google says the cause was a design flaw in how the site senses voltage, together with a misconfiguration in its programmable logic controller (PLC, a small industrial computer that runs the switching). The controller's logic concluded that a healthy utility supply was available, even though both feeds were de-energised. So it never sent the command to start the generators.

The outage began just after 07:05 BST. Google said the power event was mitigated by 12:27, and most workloads were back by 14:48, according to the UK IT firm ServNet. Google says it reprogrammed the controller once the utility was reconnected and has changed the site's electrical set-up and tested it. It also plans wider testing of infrastructure-level failures and faster notices to customers.

Why it matters to youBackup only works if the system that switches to it is right. Here, two feeds, batteries and generators were all in place, and one logic error defeated them. When you design a backup, ask what decides when it starts, and what that decision can't see.

Simplified power layout of Google's London data centre site on 20 October 2026, not to scale. Utility feed A has failed because an underground cable broke. Utility feed B is switched off at its breaker for repairs. The uninterruptible power supply batteries carry the data hall for five minutes. The controller wrongly judges that healthy utility power is available, so it never tells the generators to start. A timeline below runs from a generator load test on 14 October to the outage on 20 October, mitigation at 12:27 and most workloads recovered by 14:48. Power layout, 20 October (simplified) Feed A (utility) cable broke Feed B (utility) breaker open Controller (PLC) thinks utility power is healthy Generators never started UPS batteries held 5 minutes Data hall the load ✕ ✕ no start command Timeline (not to scale) 14 Oct load test findsproblems 20 Oct, 07:05 power lost 12:27 Google: powerevent mitigated 14:48 most workloadsrecovered
Fig. 1: The failure chain, simplified and not to scale. Based on Google's account as reported by The Register, with times from ServNet UK. Drawn by Load/Path.
5blocksResidential blocks now evacuated at Caxton Works in Canning Town, east London
5minHow long Google's London batteries were designed to carry the site while the generators started
65.7msKernel boot time on Aisin's research chip, down from 2,535.3 ms
7+eVBandgap of Cornell's new semiconductor, against about 6 eV for the old record

Civil & Structural

1 story
Buildings · UK · Under investigation

Two more east London blocks are emptied, making five

Five residential blocks at the Caxton Works (Royal Gateway) development in Canning Town, east London, have now been evacuated over structural worries. The first three, Sovereign Tower, Centurion Tower and St Vincent's Court, were emptied overnight on 22–23 October. About 211 households left. Thanet Tower and Prince Court were added after a further engineering assessment, according to Construction Enquirer.

The worry is the transfer slabs. A transfer slab is a thick concrete floor that collects loads from the walls and columns above and passes them to a different set of columns below. The property manager says engineers raised concerns while reviewing structural drawings for building safety cases, and a site inspection on 21 October confirmed them.

On 29 October, Newham Council served dangerous structure notices. They require monitoring, a full structural appraisal, materials tests, an independent peer review and remedial works. The buildings were delivered about nine years ago for a joint venture of Cathedral Group and Galliard Homes. Galliard is reported to be working with independent structural engineers. We have not seen a cause or a repair timescale published.

Why it mattersA transfer slab is a single element carrying many loads. This was found by checking drawings against a building safety case. Reading old drawings critically is real work for a young structural engineer.

Electrical & Electronics

2 stories
Power semiconductors · US · Lab result

A record-wide bandgap gets its first working transistor

Cornell engineers grew thin films of silicon-doped aluminium gallium oxide on sapphire. Its bandgap is above 7 electron volts (eV), up from the previous record of about 6 eV. The bandgap is the energy needed to free an electron so it can carry current. A wider one lets a material stand a stronger electric field before it breaks down.

The team then built a transistor, which they call the AlphaFET, and a diode. Current changed by more than four orders of magnitude, or 10,000 times, between off and on. The catch: Cornell calls the devices preliminary and says many defects remain. Its article gives no voltage rating. The study appeared in Nature on 7 October. Cornell publicised it this week.

Why it mattersEvery EV inverter and charger wastes some power as heat. A material that handles higher voltages with less loss could shrink that. Cornell points to EV motors, the grid and data-centre power.

Automotive chips · Japan · Research chip

A car AI chip whose kernel boots in 66 milliseconds

Aisin and Tohoku University built a 16 nm chip with STT-MRAM, a magnetic memory that keeps its data with the power off, built in beside the processor. The chip holds both its operating system and its AI model on board. It reads boot data and model weights from that nearby memory, not from outside the chip.

The partners say kernel boot (the core of the operating system starting up) fell from 2,535.3 ms to 65.7 ms, 38.59 times faster. That is not the whole start-up time. AI processing fell from 594.6 ms to 58.5 ms. They presented it at an IEEE circuits conference in Taiwan on 1–4 November. It is a research chip, and all figures are the partners' own. They target cars first, then robots, machinery and sensors.

Why it mattersA car has to be ready the moment it's switched on. Moving data less is one of the oldest ways to go faster, and it needs people who understand both chips and vehicles.

Chemical & Materials

1 story
Battery recycling · Germany · Modelling tool

A tool to compare battery recycling routes before anyone builds a plant

Researchers at Fraunhofer FFB and RWTH Aachen University have built the Modular Lifecycle Tool. It compares ways to recycle lithium-ion batteries. It splits the recycling chain into areas, process steps and technologies, so users can swap one module, such as the shredding method, and see what changes.

Users enter how much material the plant handles and what the batteries are made of. They build a chain from a database of process steps. The tool tracks the material flows and works out energy use, CO₂ emissions, running and investment costs, and income from recovered materials. Disposal costs, local electricity mix, labour costs and plant use can be added.

The need is clear. A separate EU study, Safeloop, found that recycling lithium-ion batteries in Europe lost about €1.90 per kilogram of battery pack on average, under the conditions it examined. The report gives no results for the tool itself. It is a model, not a plant. The team plans to add more battery chemistries, regional data and regulatory scenarios.

Why it mattersRecycling only works at scale if the costs add up. Process modelling that joins chemistry, energy and money is a route into chemical and materials engineering.

Aerospace & Ocean

2 stories
Space · Switzerland · Company plan

Four former student rocket builders plan a Moon lander

Stellar Alpina is a Swiss start-up founded about nine months ago. All four founders came from the Academic Spaceflight Initiative Switzerland (ARIS), a student-led group that built a rotating detonation rocket engine demonstrator in 2024. That kind of engine burns fuel in a shock wave that races round a ring-shaped chamber, not in a steady flame.

Its Genziana engine is designed for 1 to 5 kilonewtons of thrust, burning propane and hydrogen peroxide. The company reports more than 150 hot-fire tests across 23 engine configurations. It has now revealed a lander, Morpho, to put up to 50 kg on the Moon. It would be built on Monarch, a transfer vehicle that would carry up to 200 kg into orbits out towards the Moon. Monarch comes first. These are announced plans, with no timeline. A CHF 3.5 million pre-seed round closed in May.

Why it mattersStudent rocket teams are a way into the space industry. Here, four of them now run a funded company. The test: whether a small engine scales to flight hardware.

Offshore wind · Marine · Factory-tested

A plug that lets service ships charge from the wind farm

The company Stillstrom has finished building and factory-testing a vessel container unit. It holds the 11 kV connection equipment that links a service operation vessel, the ship that carries technicians to turbines, to charging gear at sea. Class society DNV witnessed the factory tests. The unit is modular and can go at the bow, stern or below deck, on a new ship or an existing one.

In an August trial, the operator Esvagt and the contractor Semco Maritime paid out and pulled back the charging cable while the ship held position. It used dynamic positioning, thrusters steered by satellite positioning. That trial tested the cable control, not this unit. The first unit is being built in Esbjerg, Denmark, for spring 2027. Offshore trials are expected by summer 2027. It has not yet worked at sea, and the report gives no power rating for the unit.

Why it mattersCharging a ship at sea needs marine, electrical and controls engineers working on the same connector.

Automotive & Motorsport

2 stories
Formula 1 · Mexico · Manufacturer's explanation

Honda says Mexico City's thin air overloaded Aston Martin's hybrid cooling

Honda has explained why both Aston Martins retired after five laps in Mexico. Shintaro Orihara said the cooling circuit for the energy recovery system (ERS, the hybrid system that recovers and redeploys electrical energy) was under heavier stress than anticipated. Honda says it underestimated how much cooling the high-altitude track would need. The circuit sits about 2,240 m above sea level, where thinner air carries less heat away.

The stoppage was blamed on abnormal pressure in the power unit's systems. Earlier, Fernando Alonso's qualifying ended in the first session with a suspected water-pressure problem linked to the ERS. Honda says the three practice sessions showed no warning signs. It plans to use the lessons in a redesigned power unit for 2027. This is Honda's own account.

Why it mattersAltitude changes the cooling problem as well as the engine. Engineers size a cooling system for the worst day, and that includes the air it is working in.

Electric cars · Germany · Software update

Volkswagen adds battery pre-heating to older ID. models

Volkswagen is adding manual preconditioning to older electric ID. models through a software update, ID. Software 3.9.1. Preconditioning warms the high-voltage battery before a fast charge. A cold battery limits how much power it will accept, so warming it on the way to the charger lets it use more of what the charger offers. Newer software generations already do this automatically when you navigate to a charger.

The update covers ID.4 and ID.5 cars built before October 2023, the ID.3 up to 2024, early ID. Buzz and older Škoda Enyaq, according to electrive citing InsideEVs. It also changes the thermal management and cools the battery better after a fast charge. It arrives over the air, needs a connected-services contract, and the battery must be at least 50% charged. Electrive gives no figure for how much faster charging gets.

Why it mattersSame hardware, better behaviour. Battery thermal management is largely a controls problem, and it is where a lot of EV engineering effort goes.

Biomedical

1 story
Spinal cord injury · US · Animal study

A bandage-sized ultrasound implant could monitor a spinal injury as it heals

A Johns Hopkins Medicine team has built MUSIC, the Multimodal Ultrasound System for Injury Care. It is about the size of a small bandage. A surgeon would place it over the spinal cord at the injury site during surgery, and it is meant to be temporary.

Its imaging mode shows blood flow and tissue changes in real time. It could also track fluid build-up and how a patient responds to medication. A second mode, focused ultrasound, is exploratory. It aims to act on blood flow when it moves outside safe limits. The team calls the idea a bedside "mobile MRI" that would spare immobile patients a trip to a scanner.

This is early. The new paper in Science Advances, published on 4 November, is a first proof-of-concept study in animals. It found temporary implantation feasible and safe, and that the device gave real-time feedback on blood flow near the implant. It has not been tested in people. The device received an FDA Breakthrough Device Designation in 2023. The work is funded mainly by a US$13.48 million Department of Defense award.

Why it mattersThis is a sensor, not a treatment. Making an imaging probe small, safe and temporary is a hardware and signal-processing problem, and the clinical question comes later.

Also on the wire

Try this before next week

  • Aisin says its kernel boot is 38.59 times faster. Check that from 2,535.3 ms and 65.7 ms. Then explain why that is not the same as the time until the car's AI is ready to run.
  • Google's batteries were designed to carry the site for five minutes. Assume a generator needs about 30 seconds to start and take the load. How many start attempts fit in that window? Who, or what, should decide to try again?

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